Dymaxion world map: how country sizes change

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Dymaxion (Airocean) projection: key facts and what it does to country sizes

Distortion class
Compromise
Graticule type
Interrupted polyhedral
Creator
Richard Buckminster Fuller (and Shoji Sadao)
Year
1954
Area
Compromise: not equal-area, but area distortion is very small (usually within a few percent on our map)
Shape
Compromise: small shape distortion because each of the 20 triangles is projected separately; the cuts run through the oceans
Distances
Compromise: scale is true along the triangle edges and decreases toward their centers; distances cannot be measured across the ocean cuts
Angles and directions
Compromise: not conformal; angular distortion is small, but directions break at the triangle edges

Dymaxion unfolds the Earth onto the twenty triangles of an icosahedron and projects each one separately. As a result, its Tissot indicatrices are remarkably uniform. Of the thirty, 25 are fully visible, and they all look almost the same: their areas differ by about 12% at most, and their angles change by less than 12°. No other map on this site keeps both errors within such narrow limits at once.

The other five ellipses are crossed by gaps in the net: three at 60°S, one on the equator at 150°E and one at 60°N, 30°W, in the North Atlantic. Each is split into parts in different places on the map. A country dragged across a gap behaves the same way.

This map has no top or bottom. Turn on the true-north field and the arrows in neighboring triangles point in completely different directions on screen, although they all lead to the same pole. The North Pole lies near the middle of the map, right next to Greenland, and the equator bends at the edges of the triangles. Antarctica ends up on the right-hand edge of the map, far from Australia, which sits in its lower left part.

Drag Poland around the whole map: as long as it does not hit a gap, its area changes by a few percent at most, and its shape hardly at all. In its real place its area is 7% above the least enlarged spot on the map, and Australia's is 5% above it. That is the projection's main strength. The cost is a layout you have to learn from scratch, and cuts that stop distances between neighboring triangles from being measured directly.

Dymaxion map: frequently asked questions

How faithfully does the Dymaxion map show areas?

Of the thirty Tissot ellipses 25 are fully visible, and all look nearly the same: their area differs by about 12% at most and angles change by less than 12°. No other map on the site keeps both errors within such narrow limits.

Where is the North Pole on the Dymaxion map?

Near the center of the map, right next to Greenland. The equator breaks at the borders of the triangles, and Antarctica lands on the right edge, far from Australia, which sits in the lower left.

What happens to a country dragged across a seam?

It falls apart into pieces in different places on the map. The seams cut five Tissot ellipses: three at 60°S, one on the equator at 150°E and one at 60°N, 30°W, over the North Atlantic. As long as Poland avoids them, its area changes by a few percent.

Why does the Dymaxion map have no up or down?

The map is made of twenty triangles turned relative to each other. Switch on the true-north field and the arrows in neighboring triangles point in completely different screen directions, although all lead to the same pole.