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On the Gall-Peters map every Tissot indicatrix has exactly the area of its circle on the globe; only its shape changes. The projection has two standard parallels, 45°N and 45°S, and only in those two rows would the circles stay round. The ellipses drawn here sit at 0°, 30° and 60°, so none of them is a perfect circle. The spacing of the parallels shrinks toward the poles: the band from 60°N to the pole takes up only 6.7% of the map's height, although it spans a sixth of the range of latitude. That is exactly its share of the Earth's surface.
The most telling comparison is between the equator and 60°. On the equator an ellipse is 41% taller and 29% narrower than the true circle, which makes it twice as tall as it is wide. At 60° the proportions flip: the ellipse is twice as wide as it is tall. It is the same figure turned through 90°. At 30° the vertical stretch is weaker, roughly one and a half to one.
Check it by dragging countries. Kenya lies on the equator, so on this map it looks pulled upward. Poland, near 52°N, sits close to the standard parallel and is only slightly flattened: 15% wider and 13% lower than it should be. Move its outline to 72° and, with the same area, it becomes more than five times as stretched sideways as its true shape requires. Greenland is flattened in exactly the same way.
Because area is preserved everywhere, the area-distortion heatmap is uniformly green and the area isocoles do not appear at all. The angular isocoles do all the work instead: the 5° line encloses a narrow belt between 42.5° and 47.5°, the 30° line runs at 23° and 57.5°, and the 60° line at 66°.
On the equator a Tissot ellipse is 41% taller and 29% narrower than a true circle, so twice as tall as wide. Kenya, which sits on the equator, shows it best. At 60° the figure is the same, rotated by 90°.
Yes, as far as area goes: every Tissot ellipse covers the same area as a circle on the globe, and the area distortion layer is one even shade of green. Shape pays the price, stretched vertically near the equator and horizontally near the poles.
Along the two standard parallels, 45°N and 45°S. Poland, near 52°N, lies close to them: it is only 15% wider and 13% lower than it should be. The 5° angular isocole encloses the band between 42.5° and 47.5°.
It keeps its true area but is flattened at 72°N: its outline is more than five times more stretched horizontally than a true shape requires. The band from 60°N to the pole takes only 6.7% of the map height, the same share as of Earth's surface.
