Spilhaus world map: how country sizes change

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Spilhaus projection: key facts and what it does to country sizes

Distortion class
Conformal
Graticule type
Square
Creator
Athelstan Spilhaus (based on Adams' 1925 World in a Square II projection)
Year
1979
Area
Highly distorted: the conformal projection greatly enlarges land near the edges and corners of the square (on our map especially Argentina, China, Canada, and the USA)
Shape
Preserved locally (conformal), except at the four corners of the square
Distances
Distorted across the globe; scale varies greatly between the center and the edges of the square
Angles and directions
Preserved locally (conformal), except at the four corners of the square

The Spilhaus map is designed for the oceans: they all join into one body of water, and the land ends up along the edges and in the corners of the square. The South Pole lies not far from the middle of the map. The projection is conformal, so the Tissot indicatrices remain circles, but their size varies several times over depending on how close to the edge they are.

The smallest circles are in the Southern Ocean, for example at 60°S, 90°E and 150°E, where the scale is close to the lowest on the map. The circle over Hudson Bay, at 60°N, 90°W, has almost seven times that area, and the one over Tibet, at 30°N, 90°E, about six times. Three circles, at 30°N, 90°W and at 60°N, 150°E and 150°W, are crossed by the edge of the square and split into parts.

Drag Poland around: in its real place its area is about 1.9 times that in the Indian Ocean near the Kerguelen Islands, where enlargement is smallest. Moved to Canada it grows roughly fivefold. Land compares the same way: Antarctica is enlarged just 1.1 to 2.2 times, Australia 1.5 times, Brazil about 6 times, the United States 8 times, and China almost eighteen times. For a map designed around the oceans that is a fair price, because the smallest enlargement falls on the water. Shapes stay faithful, so the map shows coastlines and ocean currents well, but it cannot be used to compare the areas of countries.

Spilhaus map: frequently asked questions

Why is the Spilhaus map good for oceans?

All oceans join into one body of water here, and the land goes to the edges and corners of the square. The South Pole lies not far from the center. The smallest enlargement falls on the water, so coastlines and ocean currents look faithful.

How much does the Spilhaus map enlarge land?

Antarctica is enlarged 1.1 to 2.2 times, Australia 1.5 times, Brazil about 6 times, the United States 8 times and China almost eighteen times. Poland has about 1.9 times the area it would have near the Kerguelen Islands, where enlargement is smallest.

Can I compare country areas on the Spilhaus map?

Not really, because the scale varies several times over. A circle over Hudson Bay has almost seven times the area of one in the Southern Ocean, and over Tibet about six times. Shapes stay faithful, so the map is good for the course of coastlines.

What happens to Poland dragged to Canada?

It grows roughly fivefold, and its shape does not change, because the projection is conformal. Three Tissot circles, at 30°N 90°W and at 60°N 150°E and 150°W, are cut by the edge of the square and split into parts.